State The Law of Conservation of Energy (History and Root)
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Isaac Newton (1642-1727) for the
first time, considering the collisions of bodies, reported that momentum is the
product of mass and velocity, but Newton called it the quantity of motion. 150 years later the
term energy was added to that first statement. The Dutch physicist Christian
Huygens (1629-1695) was also inspired by the collision process and wrote that
the collision of two perfectly elastic spheres results in no change in the sum
of energy called kinetic energy in the modern era. The German physicist
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) named kinetic energy vis viva in 1695.
But it took almost 150 years to answer the question of how the survival of vis
viva could be extended beyond the reach of the flexible pieces.
An important contribution was
made by Benjamin Thomson (1753-1814). Thompson was born in the American state
of Massachusetts, but as he opposed the American Revolution he had to flee to
England, where he was knighted by King George III and given the title of Count
Rumford. While living in America, he also worked as a spy for Great Britain.
While living in England, he worked as a spy for France and at the same time
spied for Great Britain. He went to Bavaria, which was then part of Germany,
where, among other jobs, he became Minister of War. As he ran an orphanage and
wanted to save money. He studied heat and invented many things like the
efficient stove and the coffee percolator. After many years of experiments, in
1798, he concluded that thermal energy, as we know it today, is the same as the
vibratory motion of the atoms that make up matter. About 20 years before
Ramford's work, the French scientists Anneton Laurent de Lavoisier (1743-1794)
and Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827) reported that the warmth produced by
guinea pigs after eating food. The heat generated after burning was similar.
James Watt invented the steam engine but did a lot of exciting research on the
work done and the heat generated and the connections that made engines more
efficient. Around 1807, the word energy was used with its modern meaning.
In 1842, a German physician,
Julius Robert von Meer ((1814-1878) proposed that all types of energy are equal
and that all types of energy remain constant. He wrote the general
characteristic terms. Although
later in his articles he included quantitative evidence based on the work done
by heating a gas, his work did not receive significant recognition until after
his death.
At the same time, British
science enthusiast James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) designed a series of
experiments to determine the relationship between the work done by Joule and
the energy transferred outwards due to increased thermal energy. He worked on
experiments like electric generators, the pressure of gases, and moving water. His
experiments continued for 18 years. As he continued to publish his findings,
people became more and more serious about them.
In
1847, the German physicist and biologist Hermann von Hillemotz (1821-1894)
published a mathematical statement that clearly showed how energy can be
distributed in different fields, such as; It remains in mechanics, thermal
energy and heat, electricity and magnetism, chemistry and astronomy. With his
findings, the scientific community acknowledged the important work done by
Rumford, Mayer, Joule, and others and fully recognized the conservation of
energy.
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